from scratch
from the beginning, without using anything that already exists
從頭開始、白手起家
scratch 在這裡是名詞,指的是「起跑線」,因為以前人們在賽跑前用棍子在地上劃出一條直線,運動員就從這兒起跑,所以scratch可以解釋為「起跑線」。表面上是從起跑線開始,但其實是指「從頭開始」或「白手起家」的意思喔!
1. 最常看到是 start from scratch
1) He started from scratch when he came to America.
他來美國時,白手起家。
2) He failed and had to start from scratch.
他失敗了,必須從頭開始。
2. 另外常聽到的有 build sth from scratch,make sth from scratch意思和前者幾乎一樣。
1) Ben built his company from scratch, and it is now worth
millions.
Ben白手起家創建了公司,現在這家企業已價值數百萬。
2) My mother taught me how to make a cake from scratch.
母親教我如何從頭開始做蛋糕。